Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) occurs in people who have persistent thoughts they cannot control (obsessions) and/or perform certain actions repeatedly (compulsions) in an attempt to relieve anxiety. OCD causes severe discomfort and interferes with day-to-day functioning. This condition typically begins in early childhood or adolescence. About one in every 200 children has OCD, according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

OCD is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by two major symptoms: obsessions and compulsions. Some children experience both of these symptoms, whereas others experience just one.

An example of OCD occurs when a child repeatedly worries about someone breaking into a bedroom and checks over and over to make sure the windows are locked. Or, a child may become paralyzed by fear of contracting a disease and may repeatedly wash the hands to get rid of germs.

Scientists do not completely understand the exact cause of OCD. However, growing evidence suggests that chemical imbalances in the brain play a major role in the disorder. Heredity is also believed to play a role in the development of the disorder.

Typically, parents or caregivers do not seek medical attention until their child’s behavior becomes disruptive to the child’s life. If a physician suspects OCD, the child may be referred to a child and adolescent psychiatrist or other mental health professional.