Heartburn is a burning sensation in the upper abdomen or chest area that is caused by acid reflux of the stomach contents. Contrary to its name, it is a disorder associated with digestion, not the heart.

Heartburn is not usually a serious condition. However, severe and chronic (long-term) heartburn may lead to a more serious condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which the esophagus can become damaged due to the reflux.

More than 60 million adults experience heartburn at least once a month. Some studies have indicated that more than 15 million adults experience heartburn daily, according to the American College of Gastroenterology.

There are several dietary and lifestyle factors that may contribute to heartburn. They include eating foods that trigger heartburn (e.g., spicy foods), medical conditions (e.g., pregnancy) and lifestyle habits (e.g., smoking).

Signs and symptoms of heartburn may include a burning sensation in the middle of the chest, a sensation of food or drink coming back into the throat and an acidic taste in the back of the mouth. The symptoms of heartburn are sometimes confused with symptoms of a heart attack. If patients suspect they are experiencing symptoms of a heart attack (such as a feeling of fullness or tightness in the chest or pain that spreads to the shoulders, neck, arms or jaw) they should seek immediate medical attention.

Heartburn may be diagnosed by a physician during a physical examination with a medical history and list of medications. Tests that may be performed include endoscopy, barium swallow, esophageal pH testing and  esophageal manometry.

Heartburn may be prevented or treated in a variety of ways. For mild cases, the patient may make lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight and restricting foods and beverages that worsen the condition. Cases that do not respond to lifestyle changes may be treated with medications, such as antacids and H2 blockers. Very severe cases that do not respond to lifestyle changes and medications may require surgery.